ELECTION : WHAT IS ELECTION, VOTING, A VOTER, CONCEPT AND TYPES OF ELECTION

Election can be defined as the process whereby people of a geographical entity choose their leader through an election.

Popular participation is one of the way that aids election, when people participate in politics i.e either being a candidate (one who is elected or one who contest in an election) or electorate (one who participate to vote in a candidate) one has to in one way or the other get himself or herself involved in business of the state so that the proper leader will emerge .

Election is the set of activities whereby members of a community choose their leaders. although there are some basic conditions one needs to fulfilled even must be fulfilled by everyone for free and fair elections. The election is has follow :

An independent body that can administer the election : this body has to be independent and must have freedom from any other body that might want to intimidate, be it the executive, legislature and judiciary, it must totally be free from the hands of the powerful arms and must be able to pronounce and conduct the steps to which the election follows.
Knowledge about the election : this is one thing the electorate must be enlighten about, the knowledge and willingness of political community to accept basic rules and regulations governing the contest for power. The people must have good knowledge and orientation prior the day of election.
Registered political party : before any election, there must be some set of political party, political party is the group of like minded person coming together through constitutional means to form the government of a country, every party that is willing to participate in an election must be ready to register with the Independent electoral body set aside for the purpose of that election.
Independent judiciary : without the present of an independent judiciary, justices might be tampered with but with this (independent judiciary) there will be punishment to any electoral rules defaulters

There is no how one will talk of election without talking about voting, now, what is voting?

Voting is a process through which someone shows support a candidate standing in an election into an elective office or position. it is the political right of every citizen to vote, in government we have what we called "popular sovereignty" which means the supreme power the voters have in choosing their leaders, you have the right to choose the most suitable leader that you have the feeling or might have see glimpse of the better how the state of affairs will be when such person emerge.

Who is a voter ?

A voter is one who is eligible and capable of participating in an election as an electorate. In countries like Nigeria, a voters is one who has clocked 18 years of age and he/she is now legible to participate in electing a leader or now totally has his own franchise i.e the right to vote and be voted for in an election. In effect anyone can exercise the right to vote is automatically called a voter. however, not all voters can be voted for because there are some age limit define by the constitution to get to some particular position in politics. In countries like Indian and Germany before one can be eligible to vote one must be 21 and 20 respectively but one can play the role of a voter and a candidate at the same time, someone contesting for presidential election can also vote for himself because everyone has the right to vote and he will not be deprived of that right because he is also a citizen just like the rest only the honor which the post gave to him will only change slight things from a normal citizens.

TYPES OF ELECTION

DIRECT ELECTION : This is an idea whereby the electorate pick/elect their leader in an election by themselves.
INDIRECT ELECTION : This is an electoral college ideology, in this system you elect some set of people and in turn they elect the rel representatives. Now, let us break this down, I (Gilbert) and Sharon elect William so that he can actually stand on our behalf to elect Moses in another election this means William is acting on behalf of I (Gilbert) and Sharon.
BYE ELECTION : A bye election is done to fill a vacant political space or position as a result of death, resignation or disqualification of political office.
PRIMARY ELECTION : This is an intraparty election whereby candidate contest and are voted for by party members before the main general election. it is often conducted within political party in a general election.
GENERAL ELECTION : This is the type of election in which electorates through out the country elect their representatives into politics offices.
REFERENDUM/PLEBISCITE : This is a type of election organized for citizens to vote on a particular issue or decision on a a subject affect the society rather than a person. It is known to be a "Yes" or "No" vote.